What is Anaphylaxis?
Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially fatal allergic reaction that occurs when a person comes into contact with an allergen their body has a hypersensitivity to. In an anaphylactic reaction, the immune system releases a flood of chemicals such as histamine, which in turn causes the body to go into a state of shock.
Something important to note is how a reaction is considered “severe” when there are external and internal symptoms. If only external symptoms are present, then the reaction is considered to be mild. A mild reaction is unpleasant, but not life threatening.
A mild reaction can include:
- Face swelling
- Hives (raised, itchy red bumps)
- Nausea (for food allergies)
Mild reactions can be treated using over the counter antihistamines such as Diphenhydramine (Benadryl).
A severe or anaphylactic reaction is life threatening and needs immediate attention. If you find yourself in a situation where someone is having an anaphylactic reaction, it is crucial that epinephrine is administered in a timely manner.
A severe (anaphylactic) reaction would include:
- Trouble breathing
- Signs of Shock (pale, sweaty, anxious)
- Drop in blood pressure
- Weakness
- Lightheadedness
- Vomiting
If two or more of the symptoms listed above are present, then the person is experiencing an anaphylactic reaction and needs to be taken to the hospital right away for treatment. Note that external symptoms such as hives or face swelling may be present in a severe reaction.
